![]() In detail, children aged 30–47 months ( n = 202) were required to complete 7 subtests to synthesize 4 indexes as verbal comprehension index (VCI, including information, receptive vocabulary and picture naming), visual space index (VSI, including block design and object assembly), working memory index (WMI, including picture memory and zoo locations) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ, calculated based on the above 3 indexes). Īt a mean age (SD) of 55.6 (6.9) months old, children’s cognitive development was assessed by using the Chinese version of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition (WPPSI-Ⅳ CN), which has high reliability and validity and can be used in children aged 2.5–6 years. The Maternal Health Practices and Child Development cohort study observed that children whose mothers had higher GWG took longer to complete executive functional tasks at 10 years old, and higher maternal GWG was associated with lower academic achievement scores in reading and spelling. The results of the Millennium Cohort study also showed a negative association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and cognitive ability in children aged five and seven years and revealed a stronger relationship with children’s increasing age. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) found that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was negatively correlated with children’s intelligence quotient. A cross-sectional study of 778 Chinese children aged 7–14 years indicated that maternal obesity before pregnancy was strongly associated with children’s lower cognition and sociality. Anyway, it has been well established that maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity or excessive GWG affects offspring’s neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly in the area of cognitive development. ![]() However, researchers also argued that overweight and obese women were more likely to exceed recommended weight gain than normal-weight women. There was a study that suggested overweight or obese women had lower weight gain compared to normal weight women. Weight gain during pregnancy may relate to pre-pregnancy BMI, but it is not well defined. Moreover, adequate GWG in women with pre-pregnancy underweight was beneficial for children’s cognition. In women with excessive GWG, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI displays an inverted U-shape association with children’s cognition. In pre-pregnancy underweight mothers, adequate GWG reduced the risk of below-average VSI in children ( OR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.05–0.92), but excessive GWG was related to low FSIQ in children ( OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.34–4.76). When women had excessive GWG, pre-pregnancy overweight was associated with low children’s PSI ( OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.02–2.81) and pre-pregnancy obesity was related to poor VCI in children ( OR = 3.71, 95%CI: 1.49–9.22), after adjusting for potential confounders. Women with overweight or obese before pregnancy were more likely to obtain excessive GWG. Poisson regression model was used to analyze the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and children’s cognitive dimensions under different GWG categories. Children’s cognition was assessed by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition. Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were calculated based on the height and weights measured at multiple antenatal checkups. ![]() We recruited 1685 mother–child pairs from the Ma’anshan Birth Cohort in China. During pregnancy and lactation, a woman's body composition changes, so using BMI is not appropriate.įor more information, visit Health Canada's Canadian Guidelines for Body Weight Classification in Adults.To investigate the joint effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on children’s cognitive development. Those with a lower muscle mass, such as children who have not completed their growth or the elderly who may be losing some muscle mass may have a lower BMI. Those with a higher muscle mass, such as athletes, may have a high BMI but not be at greater health risk. This is because BMI does not take into account whether the weight is carried as muscle or fat, just the number. Who shouldn't use a BMI calculatorīMI is not used for muscle builders, long distance athletes, pregnant women, the elderly or young children. The formula is BMI = kg/m 2 where kg is a person’s weight in kilograms and m 2 is their height in metres squared.Ī BMI of 25.0 or more is overweight, while the healthy range is 18.5 to 24.9. ![]() Body Mass Index is a simple calculation using a person’s height and weight. ![]()
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